Problems During Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a time of profound physical and emotional changes, and while most pregnancies progress normally, various complications can arise. These range from common discomforts like morning sickness to serious conditions requiring immediate medical attention. Understanding what's normal versus concerning helps expectant mothers navigate pregnancy safely. Early recognition of warning signs, regular prenatal care, and prompt communication with healthcare providers are crucial for protecting both mother and baby. This guide covers the spectrum of pregnancy problems, their symptoms, and when to seek help.

🚨 SEEK IMMEDIATE EMERGENCY CARE For:

  • Heavy vaginal bleeding (soaking a pad per hour)
  • Severe abdominal pain or cramping
  • Sudden gush of fluid from vagina
  • Severe headache with vision changes
  • Chest pain or difficulty breathing
  • Baby not moving (after 28 weeks)
  • Signs of preterm labor before 37 weeks
  • Seizures or loss of consciousness
  • Thoughts of harming yourself or baby
  • Severe swelling with headache

Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately.

Common Problems by Trimester

First Trimester (Weeks 1-12)

  • Morning sickness/nausea
  • Fatigue
  • Breast tenderness
  • Frequent urination
  • Mild cramping
  • Spotting
  • Food aversions
  • Mood changes

Second Trimester (Weeks 13-27)

  • Back pain
  • Round ligament pain
  • Heartburn
  • Constipation
  • Varicose veins
  • Nasal congestion
  • Skin changes
  • Braxton Hicks contractions

Third Trimester (Weeks 28-40)

  • Shortness of breath
  • Swelling (edema)
  • Hemorrhoids
  • Frequent urination returns
  • Difficulty sleeping
  • Pelvic pressure
  • Leaking breasts
  • Lightning crotch

Serious Pregnancy Complications

Preeclampsia

  • High blood pressure after 20 weeks
  • Protein in urine
  • Severe headaches
  • Vision changes (spots, blurring)
  • Upper abdominal pain
  • Sudden weight gain and swelling

Gestational Diabetes

  • Usually no symptoms
  • Excessive thirst
  • Frequent urination
  • Fatigue
  • Diagnosed through glucose testing

Placental Problems

  • Placenta previa: Placenta covers cervix
  • Placental abruption: Placenta separates early
  • Painless or painful bleeding
  • Contractions
  • Back pain

Preterm Labor

  • Regular contractions before 37 weeks
  • Lower back pain
  • Pelvic pressure
  • Vaginal discharge changes
  • Cramping

Warning Signs to Report Immediately

Bleeding & Discharge

  • Any vaginal bleeding
  • Fluid leaking from vagina
  • Unusual discharge or odor
  • Passing tissue or clots

Pain & Discomfort

  • Severe abdominal pain
  • Persistent headache
  • Pain with urination
  • Severe back pain

Baby's Movement

  • Decreased fetal movement
  • No movement for 2 hours
  • Change in movement pattern
  • After 28 weeks gestation

Other Symptoms

  • Persistent vomiting
  • Fever over 100.4°F
  • Dizziness or fainting
  • Rapid weight gain

Risk Factors for Complications

  • Age: Under 17 or over 35
  • Multiple pregnancy: Twins, triplets
  • Previous complications: In past pregnancies
  • Chronic conditions: Diabetes, hypertension, autoimmune
  • Obesity: BMI over 30
  • Smoking/alcohol/drugs: Substance use
  • Infections: STIs, UTIs
  • First pregnancy: Higher risk for some conditions
  • IVF pregnancy: Slightly increased risks
  • Poor prenatal care: Late or no care

Mental Health During Pregnancy

Common Concerns

  • Anxiety about baby's health
  • Depression during pregnancy
  • Body image issues
  • Relationship stress
  • Financial worries
  • Fear of childbirth

When to Seek Help

  • Persistent sadness lasting 2+ weeks
  • Anxiety interfering with daily life
  • Panic attacks
  • Thoughts of self-harm
  • Unable to care for yourself
  • Disconnection from pregnancy

Prenatal Monitoring & Tests

Routine Tests

  • Blood pressure checks
  • Urine tests
  • Weight monitoring
  • Fundal height measurement
  • Fetal heart rate
  • Blood tests

Screening Tests

  • Ultrasounds
  • Genetic screening
  • Glucose tolerance test
  • Group B strep test
  • STI screening
  • Anemia screening

High-Risk Monitoring

  • More frequent visits
  • Specialized ultrasounds
  • Non-stress tests
  • Biophysical profiles
  • Amniocentesis
  • Fetal echocardiogram

Home Monitoring

  • Kick counts
  • Blood pressure (if advised)
  • Blood sugar (if diabetic)
  • Weight tracking
  • Symptom diary
  • Contraction timing

Preventing Complications

  • Prenatal care: Attend all appointments
  • Healthy diet: Balanced nutrition, prenatal vitamins
  • Stay active: Appropriate exercise
  • Avoid harmful substances: No smoking, alcohol, drugs
  • Manage stress: Relaxation techniques
  • Get enough rest: 7-9 hours sleep
  • Stay hydrated: 8-10 glasses water daily
  • Take medications as prescribed: Don't skip doses
  • Avoid infections: Good hygiene, safe food
  • Know your body: Report changes promptly

When to Call Your Doctor

Call Immediately For:

  • Any vaginal bleeding
  • Severe nausea/vomiting
  • Signs of preterm labor
  • Decreased baby movement
  • Severe headaches
  • Vision changes
  • Persistent abdominal pain
  • Fever or chills

Schedule Appointment For:

  • Persistent mild symptoms
  • Questions about medications
  • Emotional concerns
  • Travel plans
  • Work-related issues
  • Exercise questions

Getting Support

  • Healthcare team: OB/GYN, midwife, nurses
  • Partner/family: Emotional and practical support
  • Support groups: Other expecting mothers
  • Online communities: Moderated forums
  • Mental health professionals: Therapists specializing in pregnancy
  • Childbirth classes: Education and preparation
  • Lactation consultants: Breastfeeding preparation
  • Social services: If needed for resources

Related Topics

Morning Sickness

Common early pregnancy symptom.

Pregnancy Fatigue

Exhaustion during pregnancy.

Pregnancy Swelling

Edema in pregnancy.

Pregnancy Pain

Various types of discomfort.