Skin Moles

Overview

Moles (nevi) are common skin growths that occur when pigment cells (melanocytes) grow in clusters. Most adults have between 10-40 moles, which usually appear during childhood and adolescence. While most moles are harmless, some can develop into melanoma, making regular monitoring important.

Types of Moles

  • Common moles: Small, round, uniform color (pink, tan, or brown)
  • Congenital moles: Present at birth, vary in size
  • Dysplastic nevi: Atypical moles with irregular features
  • Spitz nevus: Pink or red dome-shaped mole, common in children
  • Blue nevus: Deep blue or black colored mole
  • Halo nevus: Mole surrounded by white ring
  • Acquired moles: Develop after birth, most common type

ABCDE Warning Signs

Monitor moles for these melanoma warning signs:

  • A - Asymmetry: One half doesn't match the other half
  • B - Border: Irregular, ragged, notched, or blurred edges
  • C - Color: Not uniform; shades of brown, black, tan, red, white, or blue
  • D - Diameter: Larger than 6mm (pencil eraser size), though melanomas can be smaller
  • E - Evolving: Changes in size, shape, color, or symptoms (itching, bleeding)

Additional Warning Signs

  • New mole appearing after age 30
  • Mole that itches, tingles, or hurts
  • Mole that bleeds or oozes
  • Mole with a crusty or scaly surface
  • Mole that looks different from others ("ugly duckling" sign)
  • Rapid growth or elevation changes

Risk Factors for Melanoma

  • Sun exposure: UV radiation from sun or tanning beds
  • Fair skin: Less melanin protection
  • Many moles: More than 50 common moles
  • Atypical moles: Dysplastic nevi increase risk
  • Family history: Melanoma in close relatives
  • Personal history: Previous melanoma or skin cancer
  • Weakened immune system: From disease or medications
  • Age: Risk increases with age

Evaluation and Treatment

  • Visual examination: Dermatologist inspection
  • Dermoscopy: Magnified examination of mole
  • Mole mapping: Photography to track changes
  • Biopsy: Tissue sample if suspicious
  • Excision: Complete removal if abnormal
  • Regular monitoring: Self-exams and professional checks

Prevention and Monitoring

  • Perform monthly self-examinations
  • Use mirrors to check hard-to-see areas
  • Take photos to track changes
  • Protect skin from UV exposure
  • Use broad-spectrum sunscreen SPF 30+
  • Wear protective clothing and hats
  • Avoid tanning beds
  • Seek shade during peak sun hours (10am-4pm)

When to See a Dermatologist

Schedule an appointment if you notice:

  • Any mole with ABCDE changes
  • New mole after age 30
  • Mole that stands out as different
  • Bleeding, itching, or painful mole
  • Family history of melanoma
  • More than 50 moles
  • History of severe sunburns
  • Any concerning changes in existing moles

Remember: Early detection of melanoma dramatically improves treatment outcomes. When caught early, melanoma is highly treatable.