Swollen Eye

Overview

Eye swelling, also known as periorbital edema, occurs when excess fluid accumulates in the tissues around the eye. This can affect the eyelids, the area under the eyes, or the entire eye region. Swelling can occur in one or both eyes and may be accompanied by other symptoms.

Common Causes

  • Allergic reactions: To pollen, dust, pet dander, or cosmetics
  • Conjunctivitis (pink eye): Viral, bacterial, or allergic
  • Stye (hordeolum): Infected eyelash follicle
  • Chalazion: Blocked oil gland in eyelid
  • Blepharitis: Eyelid inflammation
  • Periorbital cellulitis: Infection of eyelid tissues
  • Orbital cellulitis: Serious infection behind the eye
  • Eye injury or trauma: Including insect bites
  • Contact dermatitis: Reaction to eye products
  • Sinusitis: Sinus infection causing eye area swelling
  • Thyroid eye disease: Associated with Graves' disease
  • Kidney or heart disease: Causing fluid retention
  • Crying: Temporary swelling from tears
  • Lack of sleep: Causing puffy eyes

Associated Symptoms

Eye swelling may occur with:

  • Redness or irritation
  • Pain or tenderness
  • Itching or burning sensation
  • Watery or thick discharge
  • Blurred or double vision
  • Light sensitivity
  • Fever (with infections)
  • Difficulty moving the eye

Treatment Options

  • Cold compresses: Apply for 10-15 minutes to reduce swelling
  • Antihistamines: For allergic reactions
  • Antibiotic drops or ointments: For bacterial infections
  • Artificial tears: For dry eyes and irritation
  • Elevate head while sleeping: Reduces fluid accumulation
  • Remove contact lenses: Until swelling resolves
  • Avoid allergens: Identify and eliminate triggers
  • Warm compresses: For styes or chalazions
  • Oral antibiotics: For severe infections
  • Corticosteroid drops: For severe inflammation

When to Seek Emergency Care

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

  • Sudden vision loss or severe vision changes
  • Severe eye pain
  • High fever with eye swelling
  • Bulging of the eye (proptosis)
  • Difficulty or pain when moving the eye
  • Swelling after head injury
  • Signs of anaphylaxis (difficulty breathing, hives, swelling of face/throat)
  • Red streaks extending from the eye area